What is vanishing twin syndrome?

Vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) occurs when one fetus in a multiple pregnancy stops developing and is reabsorbed by the body, usually within the first 12 weeks. The exact cause of VTS is unknown, but it's likely due to genetic or chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo that prevent it from fully developing. These abnormalities are often present at conception and can't be controlled or prevented.

Some factors that may increase the risk of VTS include:

Advanced maternal age: Women over 30 are more likely to experience VTS.

Assisted reproduction: In vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproduction technologies may increase the risk of VTS.

Placental abnormalities: Placental pathologies or crowding may contribute to VTS.

Other medical conditions: Chronic maternal diseases like diabetes or hypertension can increase the risk of VTS.

Most cases of VTS are asymptomatic, but some patients experience mild vaginal bleeding. If you're carrying multiples and experience cramping or bleeding, it's possible that one of the embryos has stopped developing.

There's no way to prevent VTS, but genetic counseling may be recommended for women who experience repeated miscarriage