What is Oligohydramnios?

Not having enough amniotic fluid is a condition called oligohydramnios. It can lead to complications depending on how early in pregnancy it occurs and how severe it is.

Possible Complications of Low Amniotic Fluid:

  1. Restricted Fetal Growth – The baby may not have enough space to move and grow properly.
  2. Lung Development Issues – Amniotic fluid is essential for lung growth, so low levels can lead to underdeveloped lungs.
  3. Cord Compression – The umbilical cord may get squeezed, reducing oxygen and nutrient supply to the baby.
  4. Preterm Birth or Stillbirth – Severe oligohydramnios can increase the risk of pregnancy loss.
  5. Labor Complications – There is a higher chance of needing an induced labor or a C-section.

Causes of Low Amniotic Fluid:

  1. Leaking or Ruptured Membranes – If the water breaks too early, fluid levels can drop.
  2. Placental Problems – If the placenta isn’t working properly, the baby may not produce enough urine (which contributes to amniotic fluid).
  3. Birth Defects – Kidney or urinary tract problems in the baby can prevent normal urine production.
  4. Post-Term Pregnancy (Overdue Baby) – After 42 weeks, amniotic fluid naturally decreases.
  5. Maternal Conditions – High blood pressure, dehydration, diabetes, or preeclampsia can lower fluid levels.
  6. Certain Medications – Some drugs, like NSAIDs or blood pressure medications, may reduce fluid production.

Treatment for Oligohydramnios:

  • Hydration – Drinking more fluids or receiving IV fluids can sometimes help.
  • Amnioinfusion – During labor, doctors can add saline or lactated Ringer’s solution into the uterus to cushion the baby.
  • Close Monitoring – Frequent ultrasounds to track fluid levels and fetal health.
  • Early Delivery – If the baby is at risk, doctors may induce labor or do a C-section.
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