Rhesus factor in pregnancy
The Rhesus (Rh) factor is a protein on red blood cells. If you have it, you’re Rh-positive; if not, you’re Rh-negative. This becomes important during pregnancy when the mother is Rh-negative, and the baby is Rh-positive, inherited from the father.
When the baby’s Rh-positive blood cells mix with the mother’s Rh-negative blood, her immune system might create antibodies against the baby’s red blood cells—a process called Rh sensitization. This can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), causing anemia, jaundice, or severe complications like heart failure.
Prevention and Management
Testing: Early in pregnancy, the mother’s Rh factor is checked.
Rh Immune Globulin (RhoGAM): An injection is given at 28 weeks and within 72 hours after delivery if the baby is Rh-positive. It prevents the mother from making harmful antibodies.
Monitoring: If sensitization has occurred, the baby is closely monitored and may require treatment.
Rh incompatibility is preventable with proper care. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice